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                <text>Keshara Moore</text>
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                <text>Gabby Kiser</text>
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                <text>Cook, Richard</text>
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                <text>This essay was written by University of Richmond student, Richard Cook, who chastises the university for its continuation of its segregation policy. Cook's main argument is that while the university prides itself on being an advanced forward-looking liberal institution, it continues to hold on to its discriminatory policies, a problem Cook admits many Baptist universities faced. Cook also argues that the university's role should be not only to stick to traditional views and norms, but to take active steps in order to push society forward, as to avoid doing so would represent the institution's comfortable place within the past, resulting in the loss of its academic integrity. The article concludes with the statement that for the university to continue to practice segregation would be to fail the students and graduates of the school. Such actions would teach students that it is okay for them to live morally uneducated lives by encouraging close-mindedness and bigotry.</text>
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                <text>Cook, Richard. "A Failure to Become Involved." &lt;em&gt;The Messenger&lt;/em&gt; (Summer 1964): 39-40. University Archives, RG 24 Student Publications. Virginia Baptist Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia.</text>
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                <text>An article noting a reaction to Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination by some of the members of the University of Richmond. A group of 170 Westhampton College students wrote a letter to various political officials including Richmond Mayor Morrill M. Crowe, Governor Mills E. Godwin Jr., and Senator Harry F. Byrd Jr., among many others, asking that in the wake of King's death, these officials "re-evaluate the positions which we have taken on matters of civil rights in recent years..." The letter urged action to avoid further tragedies and injustices. There was a second statement issued by Dr. William Smith, the director of Religious Activities, about King's death. It stated that the undersigned students, faculty, staff, and friends of the University wished to express their sorrow at King's death, their concern that his cause will be lost in disillusion and violence, and their pledge to take a more "active concern for and involvement in the cause of justice for all men."</text>
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                <text>"Statement on King Circulated at WC." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; LV, no. 24, (April 12, 1968): 5. &lt;a href="http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19680412.2.37&amp;amp;srpos=1&amp;amp;e=------196-en-20--1-byTI-txt-txIN" target="_blank"&gt;http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19680412.2.37&amp;amp;srpos=1&amp;amp;e=------196-en-20--1-byTI-txt-txIN&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This opinion piece, published on April 29, 1960 is a response to an editorial, "A Crack in the Wall" from a previous issue. This piece responds to a letter that accused the &lt;em&gt;Collegian&lt;/em&gt; of, "having set down an irrational opinion without thinking it through." This piece clarifies and reasserts the claims, made by Dr. A. T. Harris from Virginia State College, that black students would avoid protesting if there was "a crack in the wall" of segregation. They also argue that white college students should support the demonstrations made by black students in favor of segregation and assert that these demonstrations are "morally right." The reference to "sit-down demonstrations" likely refers to the &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Richmond_34" target="_blank"&gt;Richmond 34.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Has It Cracked Yet?" &lt;em&gt;The Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; XLVII, no. 28, (April 29, 1960): 2. &lt;a href="http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19600429.2.13&amp;amp;srpos=8&amp;amp;e=------196-en-20--1--txt-txIN" target="_blank"&gt;http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19600429.2.13&amp;amp;srpos=8&amp;amp;e=------196-en-20--1--txt-txIN&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Opinion "Has It Cracked Yet?"</text>
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                <text>This article in &lt;em&gt;The Collegian&lt;/em&gt; analyzes a lecture given by a Dr. A. T. Harris, a Black professor at Virginia State University. The article focuses on part of Harris's speech, in which Harris suggested that Black students "would not feel the need for protesting through sit-down demonstrations if they could see a crack in the wall" of segregation. The article compares between the maintenance of segregation to the Dutch folktale of the boy who kept his finger in a hole in a large dam until it could be repaired, saving his home from a devastating flood. The article of the author points out that while the Dutch boy had a legitimate fear of flood, there is no reasonable fear in the destruction of the wall of segregation. The article states, "The Southern Negro faces a different situation a wall based on fear and fortified by people who have not bothered to investigate for themselves what is on the other side of it," and insists that "a crack must come," starting with cooperation and integration of white college students with Black college students.</text>
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                <text>"'Crack in The Wall'." &lt;em&gt;The Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; XLVII, no. 26, (April 15, 1960): 2. &lt;a href="http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19600415.2.8&amp;amp;srpos=6&amp;amp;e=--1946---1971--en-20--1--txt-txIN" target="_blank"&gt;http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19600415.2.8&amp;amp;srpos=6&amp;amp;e=--1946---1971--en-20--1--txt-txIN&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>In this oral history interview, professor of accounting Dr. Darrell Walden sat down with Marissa Brown ('19) on March 25, 2019, in Walden's office in the Robins School of Business. Over the course of the one hour interview, Walden spoke about being born and raised in Richmond during school desegregation, his family and their business, attending Virginia Union University for undergraduate studies--including studying under the first Black woman to become a CPA in Virginia, Dr. Ruth Harris, transitioning to Syracuse University for his graduate education, working in Fortune 500 companies, transitioning to teaching, getting his PhD at Virginia Commonwealth University, and coming to teach at the University of Richmond 25 years ago. On his time at UR, Dr. Walden shares his experience as one of two Black faculty members in the Robins School of Business, the struggles of the tenure process, being chair of the accounting department for 12 years, and reflects on his hopes for the university moving forward.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/WaldenDarrell_2004.JPG" alt="" /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Dr. W. Darrell Walden was born and raised in Richmond, VA where he currently lives. He is the father of two adult daughters and has four grandchildren.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Dr. Walden worked his way through college and earned his B.S. in Accounting with honors from Virginia Union University (VUU). At VUU, Dr. Ruth C. Harris, the first Black woman CPA in Virginia, was his teacher and mentor. One year after graduating from VUU he earned his M.S. in Accounting from Syracuse University as an IBM student fellow. His mother, Theresa C. Walden, was the chief accountant at VUU. His uncle, Robert W. Coles, Jr., was one of the first 100 Black CPAs in the United States. Prior to his academic career, his professional career experience has included work in the Controllers&amp;rsquo; staff and corporate tax departments of two Fortune 500 companies. Dr. Walden is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) licensed in Virginia, and consults with a number of firms in the central Virginia area.&amp;nbsp; Dr. Walden earned his Ph.D. in Business with honors from Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) where he majored in Accounting, and minored in Finance and Information Systems. Dr. Walden was among only 24 Blacks out of 1206 Ph.D.s in Business earned in 1994 (Blacks earned only 2% of these degrees in the 1990s). He is a charter member of the &lt;em&gt;PhD Project&amp;mdash;Accounting Doctoral Association&lt;/em&gt;. He belongs to Beta Gamma Sigma, national honor society.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Dr. Walden is currently Department Chair and a tenured Associate Professor of Accounting in the Robins School of Business at the University of Richmond (UR). While Department Chair over the last 12 years, he has help elevate the AACSB accredited accounting program to national prominence including high CPA exam pass rates. He also teaches at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. While at UR, he has been awarded the University&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;Faculty Story Award&lt;/em&gt; given to faculty who model community-building relations and world-changing service. He has also been awarded the University&amp;rsquo;s &lt;em&gt;Excellence in Teaching, Learning and Technology Award&lt;/em&gt;. The VCU African American Alumni Council named Dr. Walden &amp;ldquo;&lt;em&gt;2007 Alumnus of the Year&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rdquo; for his &amp;ldquo;Black History in the Making&amp;rdquo; efforts.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Prior to his tenure at UR, he taught at three other universities including the prestigious Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University in Provo UT.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>This oral history is available for academic purposes--including but not limited to research by students, faculty, and staff--by permission from the interviewee (Dr. Darrell Walden). The interviewee maintains the copyright, and must be contacted via the Race &amp; Racism Project (urraceproject@gmail.com) for permissions for use outside of academic purposes.</text>
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                <text>In this oral history interview, Beth Marschak (W'72) sat down with Jisu Song ('22) and Shira Greer ('22) on June 17, 2019 at University of Richmond Downtown. Over the course of the one hour interview, Marschak talks about growing up in the city of Richmond, being the first in her family to attend college, being a commuter student, majoring in political science, her political involvement on and off campus--including the founding of OWL (Organization for Women's Liberation) and SHAME (Studying and Halting the Assault on Man and Environment) and the anti-Vietnam War movement on campus, a teacher exchange program with Virginia Union University, growing up Southern Baptist, becoming involved in civil rights during high school, her experience as a lesbian both on campus and in Richmond during the 1970s, and what she learned about women's leadership as a student at Westhampton College.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Beth Marschak grew up in Richmond and was actively engaged in the social change movements of the 1960&amp;rsquo;s and 1970&amp;rsquo;s- Civil Rights, the Women&amp;rsquo;s Liberation Movement, the Ecology Movement, the Peace Movement, and Lesbian and Gay Liberation. In her early years, she lived in Lakeside, a white working class neighborhood, then her family moved to the far west end. She came out as a lesbian in the early 1970&amp;rsquo;s, and openly identified as a lesbian in her civil rights and human rights activism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/MarschakBeth_1971-01.jpg" alt="" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By the time she graduated from Westhampton College, University of Richmond, with a BA in political science in 1972, Beth had already helped to start a women&amp;rsquo;s group on campus, and a local chapter of the National Women&amp;rsquo;s Political Caucus. She actively engaged with SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) for many marches and other actions and was an active member of the Woody Guthrie Community Center. She participated in Gay Awareness in Perspective and helped to start Richmond-Lesbian Feminists in 1975. Beth was instrumental in starting a number of coalition efforts including the Virginia Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights (VCLGR) and the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Starting as a representative of the Lesbian Caucus, Beth served on the National Steering Committee of the National Women&amp;rsquo;s Political Caucus for 16 years. Here in Richmond, she served on the Board of the Richmond YWCA for 8 years. In 1978, she was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the International Women&amp;rsquo;s Year Continuing Committee. And, in 1988, as a Jesse Jackson Delegate, she served as the first &amp;ldquo;out&amp;rdquo; Virginia delegate to a national presidential convention.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/MarschakBeth_2019-02.jpg" alt="" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Beth Marschak&amp;rsquo;s work and advocacy garnered the Richmond Human Rights Coalition Human Rights Award in 1983, and the Richmond YWCA Outstanding Woman of the Year Award in Human Relations in 1990. The Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition recognized Beth with awards in 1990, 1993 and 1999. In 2008, Beth co-authored the book Lesbian and Gay Richmond. On November 1, 2008, she conducted the first bus tour featuring the history of the LGBTQ+ community for the Valentine Richmond History Center, where she is a master tour guide. In 2009 Equality Virginia recognized her as one of 20 Outstanding Virginians. Beth has continued as an activist, and participates in Richmond Lesbian-Feminists (which she co-founded in 1975), Southerners on New Ground (SONG), and is on the Board of Diversity Richmond. She recently curated an exhibit at the Diversity Richmond Iridian Gallery: Truthful History Heals, which examined future visions for Monument Avenue, and worked with Ayana Obika as co-chairs of the Diversity Richmond Programs Committee to organize a roundtable community conversation on racism and racial bias in the LGBTQ+ community.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>In this oral history interview, retired professor of accounting Raymond Slaughter (&amp;lsquo;77-&amp;lsquo;18) sat down with Cole Richard (&amp;rsquo;21) and Jenifer Yi (&amp;rsquo;22) on June 10, 2019, in Boatwright Memorial Library. Over the course of the one hour interview, Slaughter discussed his experience as the first black professor in the business school and one of the few black professors university-wide, including his educational background at Historically Black Colleges and Universities prior to coming to Richmond, the hiring and tenure processes, and his service-focused academic career. Slaughter also reflected on institutional changes he would like to see in order to reduce discrimination and promote diversity in faculty.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/SlaughterRaymond_1980.jpg" alt="" /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Raymond Slaughter was born in 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Kentucky State University in 1967, and attended Howard University Law School and obtained his law degree in 1970. In 1971, he received his MBA in Business Administration from the University of Pennsylvania. He worked for public accounting firm Ernst &amp;amp; Ernst in Detroit Michigan, and then began teaching at Bucknell University. In 1977, he moved to Richmond and began teaching in the accounting department of the Robins School of Business, where he taught for 41 years before his retirement in 2018.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>This oral history is available for academic purposes--including but not limited to research by students, faculty, and staff--by permission from the interviewee (Raymond Slaughter). The interviewee maintains the copyright, and must be contacted via the Race &amp; Racism Project (urraceproject@gmail.com) for permissions for use outside of academic purposes.</text>
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University of Richmond&#13;
261 Richmond Way, Richmond, VA 23173</text>
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                <text>In this hour long oral history, alumnus Darnell &amp;ldquo;DJ&amp;rdquo; Morris (B&amp;rsquo;75) sat down and shared his story with Jenifer Yi (&amp;rsquo;22) and Johnnette Johnson (&amp;rsquo;20) at the University of Richmond&amp;rsquo;s Boatwright Memorial Library on June 28th, 2019. Darnell &amp;ldquo;DJ&amp;rdquo; Morris was one of the first black students to be admitted into the University&amp;rsquo;s School of Business. Morris recalls his educational journey starting with the integration of schools in the 70s, beginning college at Ferrum College, to his campus involvement and success in the Robins School of Business after transferring to the University of Richmond at the beginning of his junior year. Morris gives insight into how he handled difficulties with both students and professors and describes the reputation that the Robins School of Business had amongst students in the 70s.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/MorrisDJ_1974-01.JPG" alt="" /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/MorrisDJ_1975-03.jpg" alt="" /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Darnell J. Morris (DJ) was born and raised in Esmont, Virginia (rural area of Southern Albemarle County). He earned an Associate of Arts, &lt;strong&gt;Business Administration&lt;/strong&gt; from Ferrum College (1973) a Bachelor of Science, &lt;strong&gt;Business Administration&lt;/strong&gt; (Accounting - 1975) and &lt;strong&gt;Master of Business Administration&lt;/strong&gt; (1987) from the University of Richmond.&amp;nbsp; He earned the designation of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Certified Public Accountant&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in 1979.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/MorrisDJ_1975-01.PNG" alt="" width="700px" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;He is the second (oldest son) of eleven children. His parents and grandparents taught him to follow the teachings of the Bible (KJV) and live the Christian Life.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;DJ is retired with over forty (40) years of financial/accounting/auditing experience. His career included over four years with a Big 4 firm and nearly 25 years of financial management positions with a major communications company. He returned to his home town and is currently serving as Treasurer of his Church.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/MorrisDJ_1975-02.PNG" alt="" width="700px" /&gt;</text>
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                <text>This oral history is available for academic purposes--including but not limited to research by students, faculty, and staff--by permission from the interviewee (Darnell "DJ" Morris). The interviewee maintains the copyright, and must be contacted via the Race &amp; Racism Project (urraceproject@gmail.com) for permissions for use outside of academic purposes.</text>
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410 Westhampton Way&#13;
Richmond, VA 23173</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/transcripts/MaloneMadiethandLeSaneIsabelle_d'Almeida-Roberson_Transcript_20190305.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Click here for the transcript file.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Oral History with Madieth Malone and Isabelle (Thomas) LeSane (W'72)</text>
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                <text>Richmond (Va.)</text>
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                <text>In this oral history interview, Madieth Malone (W&amp;rsquo;72) and Isabelle (Thomas) LeSane (W&amp;rsquo;72) sat down with Jacob Roberson (&amp;rsquo;19) and Ayele d&amp;rsquo;Almeida (&amp;rsquo;20) on March 5, 2019 in the Westhampton College Deanery Living Room. In this one hour and forty-five minute interview, Malone and LeSane share about their experiences as two of the first Black women to attend Westhampton College. Malone and LeSane recount their childhoods growing up in Richmond, how they decided to attend the University of Richmond, reflect on finding out later in life that their time at the university is considered historic, their careers as educators in Richmond Public Schools, being commuter students at Westhampton College, traveling with the glee club, theater group, and Russian classes, Malone&amp;rsquo;s theater experience as a University Player, Malone&amp;rsquo;s experienced being one of the first students to integrated Binford Middle School and how that prepared her for her time at UR, the swimming requirement at Westhampton College, reflect on how the university has changed in the last 50 years, give advice to current Black students at the university, and more.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/MaloneandThomas_1969-01.JPG" alt="" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Born and raised in what was called the &amp;ldquo;West End&amp;rdquo; of the city of Richmond, Madieth P. Malone attended Richmond Public Schools near the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. In 1962, she was one of eleven black students chosen to integrate Binford Junior High School. Two years later, she attended Thomas Jefferson High School, continuing the push to desegregate schools in the city. Madieth developed many friendships and many interests while attending TJ, and when Westhampton College was presented as a possible choice, she found it to be a good fit. Several of her high school friends were attending, and it was a convenient commute from home. The goal at Westhampton was to get the best liberal arts education possible. While there, she pursued a wide variety of interests, but was most involved with the theater department. In 1972, she graduated with a degree in Speech and Theater Arts. After graduation, Madieth worked as a teacher for Richmond Public Schools. It was the perfect job, because she could travel during the summer and be involved with theater &amp;ndash; performing in community and dinner theaters, summer theater at Dogwood Dell, TV commercials, industrial films, and as a film extra. She also worked several years as a per diem reading consultant for SRA-McGraw-Hill. Today, Madieth spends her retirement doing whatever she wants and enjoying every minute of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/MaloneMadieth1972-01.JPG" alt="" /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Isabelle LeSane was born and raised in Richmond, VA and educated in the Richmond Public School System. She had no experience with interracial schooling until she came to Westhampton. But she was raised in a family of entrepreneurs and that gave her plenty of practice in dealing with many nationalities. Like her father, Isabelle never met a stranger, so enrolling in an all white school was not a challenge&amp;nbsp;for her.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;At the University of Richmond, Isabelle majored in Russian with the intention of becoming an interpreter at the UN.&amp;nbsp;But life intervened and she got married and had children instead and didn&amp;rsquo;t want to leave Richmond. Because she had earned a teacher&amp;rsquo;s certificate while at the university, Isabelle applied for and was hired by RPS. Although she was hired as a German teacher, she was given the opportunity to teach Russian once it was known that she had that expertise. Isabelle is now retired and spends her days doing fun things with her grandkids and with friends who are in the same boat-being intentionally lazy and unapologetic!&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/ThomasIsabelle1969-01.JPG" alt="" /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/ThomasIsabelle1970-01.JPG" alt="" /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/ThomasIsabelle1971-01.JPG" alt="" /&gt;&lt;img src="https://memory.richmond.edu/files/misc/ThomasIsabelle1972-01.JPG" alt="" /&gt;</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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                <text>MaloneMadiethandLeSaneIsabelle_d'Almeida-Roberson_Public_20190305.mp3</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54186">
                <text>Race &amp; Racism at UR Project Oral History Collection</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="54187">
                <text>This oral history is available for academic purposes--including but not limited to research by students, faculty, and staff--by permission from the interviewees (Madieth Malone and Isabelle LeSane). The interviewees maintains the copyright, and must be contacted via the Race &amp; Racism Project (urraceproject@gmail.com) for permissions for use outside of academic purposes.</text>
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              <text>Sabrina Garcia</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Article "Pike's Widow, 'Freedom Rider' To Speak at UIC Symposium"</text>
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                <text>The Collegian, University of Richmond</text>
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                <text>Richmond (Va.)</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In this 1969 &lt;em&gt;Collegian&lt;/em&gt; article, the speakers of the UIC's (University Interfaith Council) symposium are featured. Mrs. Dianne Kennedy Pike, wife of the late Dr. James A. Pike, and associate professor of religion at Wesley University, Dr. John David Maguire, will be speaking. Mrs. Pike is described as the director of the New Focus Foundation, which was started by her late husband. The foundation is attempting to understand the communication of religious ideals outside the institutional structure of the church. Dr. Maguire was a former &lt;a href="https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/freedom-rides" target="_blank"&gt;Freedom Rider&lt;/a&gt;, and was imprisoned in 1961 for "challenging segregated terminal facilities." He was a long time friend of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and was asked after his assassination to take leadership of organizing a memorial. The article explains how he teaches at Wesleyan University in theology and history of religious thought.</text>
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                <text>"Pike's Widow, 'Freedom Rider' To Speak at UIC Symposium."  &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; LII, no. 9, (November 14, 1969): 4. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19691114.2.16&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19691114.2.16&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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