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                <text>Terjesen, Siri</text>
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                <text>This is a piece by a student who, as a part of the Volunteer Action Council's "Overcoming Barriers- Physical Handicaps Day," spent a day in a wheelchair to understand the difficulties of disabled students. The student noted that there were 11 instances where they had to get out of the wheelchair, and then lists areas and routes on campus that are inaccessible to disabled students. They also note the difficulty for temporarily injured students, as one student who broke two bones in her leg had to take the semester off because "she could not get around." The student ends by arguing in favor of new accessible buildings in the wake of the Americans with Disabilities Act.</text>
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                <text>Terjesen, Siri. "An afternoon in a wheelchair at UR" &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 80, no. 17, (February 10th, 1994): 1&lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19940210.2.34&amp;amp;srpos=1&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19940210.2.34&amp;amp;srpos=1&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Alongside the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (section 504) in which it is stated that “no handicapped individual may be discriminated against or denied participation in any program receiving federal financial assistance,” the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed in 1992. This law asserted that all academic institutions are required to be accessible in addition to making measurable efforts to decrease inaccessibility. The situation on the University of Richmond campus was that of inaccessible buildings and zero to no effort being put forth to change that. Although the Office for Civil Rights in the U.S. Department of Education works to enforce these laws, institutions struggle to aid disabled individuals and instead, encourages these individuals to go to other institutions with “special programs”. The University of Richmond is guilty of such practices but is increasingly making more of an effort to change.</text>
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                <text>McDonald, Beth. "Federal Law on Disabled Affects University." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 78, no. 20, (March 5, 1992): 3. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19920305.2.18&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--41--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19920305.2.18&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--41--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Gabby Kiser</text>
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                <text>Five students respond to the question “Would a disabled student have a hard time at the University?” Each student responds with an affirmation of the difficulties a disabled individual would face on campus, such as a lack of elevators, disregard for handicapped parking spaces, and steep inclines.</text>
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              <text>Vishwesh Mehta </text>
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                <text>This article talks about the recent push by the university to understand the needs of disabled students. It mentions the law 94-142 passed by the State of Virginia to make college more accessible and prevent any discrimination based on the disability of a student. The law requires the university to build ramps and make bathrooms more accessible.</text>
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                <text>"UR Responds to Needs Of Handicapped",&lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; LXVI, no. 8, (November 01, 1979): 5. https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19791101.2.25&amp;amp;srpos=4&amp;amp;e=-----1986--en-20--1--txt-txIN-</text>
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                <text>This is the Self Evaluation and Transition Plan for The Graduate and Professional Schools at the University of Richmond, likely completed in early 1980. This plan lays out the guidelines for the Graduate and Professional Schools to transition into compliance with &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_Act_of_1973#Section_504" target="_blank"&gt;Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973&lt;/a&gt; which was aimed at eliminating discrimination of people with disabilities from programs and institutions receiving federal funding. This document evaluates the situation regarding accessibility to disabled individuals at the university. The committee for the this evaluation was chaired by Dr. William Leftwich, Vice President for Student Affairs. There were other members from the university involved in this evaluation. This included Dr. D. Robert Moxley, William Rhodes, Ronald Hicks, Dr. William Woolcott (noted as a disabled individual in the report), Walter Van Klein, Mary Thoephanos (noted as a student who uses a wheelchair in the report), Michael Decker, and Eva S. Tashjian-Brown. After the evaluation a plan was drafted for the transition and the plan was to be fully implemented by June, 1980. Dr. Leftwich was mainly in charge of enforcing the plan and overseeing the execution of the plan from different departments and programs. Physical and structural changes were to be made to almost every building on campus to make it more accessible. In addition, redesigning equipment, reassigning classes to accessible buildings, providing aid to students with disabilities and rescheduling classes/activities was being considered as alternatives. The recruitment and admissions process would be made more accessible and a statement of non-discrimination would be included in every step of the admissions process. Changes would be made to make sure that disabled individuals can excel academically with policies which would provide longer attending periods for qualified individuals with disabilities. Campus facilities like Financial Assistance, Physical Education and Athletics, Counseling and Placement services and Social Organizations will be enforcing a non-discrimination policy and have equal opportunity for disabled individuals. The Committee suggested that a more specific contingency plan be designed for specific situations and the faculty and staff be reminded of the new law to prevent discrimination. The document expresses the promise of compliance to the legislation several times for reassurance.</text>
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                <text>"Self Evaluation and Transition Plan for The Graduate and Professional Schools of The University of Richmond," undated, R.G. 6.2.5 Box 25 Folder 6 University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.</text>
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              <text>Cory Schutter</text>
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                <text>Letter and review from Dewey E. Dodds to E. Bruce Heilman</text>
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                <text>This September 22, 1979 letter is from Dewey E. Dodds, Director of the Office for Civil Rights Region III, and is addressed to University of Richmond President Dr. E. Bruce Heilman. Dodds begins the letter by expressing appreciation to University staff for cooperation in the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) compliance review. The review was conducted to determine if the University of Richmond graduate and professional schools were in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The letter then excerpts passages from each of these legal documents. The "review revealed that the University of Richmond previously discriminated against minority applicants" on basis of race, and also had no affirmative action plan designed. As there was still no affirmative action plan, the University was found to not be in compliance with Title VI. Dodds notes that the University's "discriminatory policy is cited in Reuben S. Alley's, "The History of the University of Richmond, 1830-1971," written in collaboration with the University's Board of Trustees. In the History, Alley reported that "blacks were not admitted to the university" prior to 1964. The review established that the University does not specifically target minority applicants, thus reflecting "this lack of affirmative effort." The review found no evidence that the University discriminated on the basis of race, however, the University was not considering race in the application review process. Dodds writes that the University had recruited "significantly lower" graduate and law students, with the University law school having only 4.5 percent minority students, as compared to the Virginia average of 13.3 percent. The review did not find evidence, past or present, of discrimination against women or "the handicapped", however, Dodds lays out specific details for an affirmative action process. These details include targeted recruitment at "traditionally black institutions," and assuring students of financial aid benefits. The review details how counselling and referral services should be available to all students to assure retention rates and track movement through the school toward a degree program. Dodds outlines plans for a more robust job placement center at the law school, as the current center "may not operate in a completely racially unbiased manner." Dodds notes that one student "alleged that a racially restricted job announcement had been posted in the placement center." The review details accessibility protocol, saying that the University's current transition plan was "unacceptable under the regulations." Dodds sets a deadline of June 2, 1980 to complete the transition plan for structural changes. The review found that the University was in compliance with Title IX "except for the lack of a satisfactory self-evaluation and transition plan", and also found that the University was not in compliance and currently in violation of Title VI "with respect to recruitment and admissions." Dodds sets a deadline of  June 2, 1980 to complete directives and achieve compliance with title VI. Dodds directs Heilman to contact the Director of the OCR Postsecondary Education Division, Robert Harvey, for any assistance. William H. Leftwich and R. Moxley are copied on the letter. The letter is signed on behalf of Dodds by Ronald Gilliam.</text>
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                <text>United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964</text>
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                <text>United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</text>
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                <text>United States. Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX</text>
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                <text>UA6.2.5.25.5-19790922.pdf</text>
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                <text>Letter from Dewey E. Dodds to E. Bruce Heilman, 22 September 1979, RG 6.2.5 Box 25 Folder 5 “U.S. Government - HEW - Civil Rights "Compliance Review" (April 1979), University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.</text>
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                <text>Richmond (Va.)</text>
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              <text>Cory Schutter</text>
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                <text>Letter from Dewey E. Dodds to E. Bruce Heilman</text>
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                <text>This September 30, 1980, letter is from Dewey E. Dodds, Director of the Office for Civil Rights Region III (OCR) of the Department of Education, and is addressed to University of Richmond President Dr. Bruce E. Heilman. The letter informs Heilman of the "results of our most recent compliance review of your graduate and professional schools." Dodds refers to a "March 25, 1980 meeting attended by University staff and legal representatives" and OCR staff members, as well as a March 31, 1980 letter, in which the University agreed to: improve enrollment of minority students through corrected recruitment and admissions programs, "use financial aid as an inducement in its recruitment program," "include a statement of non-discrimination on its application forms and in all new university publications," "take additional measures to assure minority students full access to the placement services," "make all necessary structural changes to assure accessibility for handicapped students by June 2, 1980," and to develop "a centralized system to facilitate accommodation efforts for handicapped students by June 1, 1980." An OCR staff member spoke with University of Richmond Vice President for Student Affairs William H. Leftwich on September 5 and 25. Leftwich promised to submit proof of fulfilling these agreements by October 15, 1980. Dodds informs Heilman of an on-site visit to the University on October 30. Dodds directs Heilman to contact the Director of the OCR Postsecondary Education Division, Robert Harvey, for any assistance.</text>
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                <text>College buildings--Barrier-free design</text>
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                <text>College integration</text>
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                <text>United States. Department of Education. Office for Civil Rights</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36031">
                <text>Letter from Dewey E. Dodds to E. Bruce Heilman, 30 September 1980, RG 6.2.5 Box 25 Folder 5 “U.S. Government - HEW - Civil Rights "Compliance Review" (April 1979), University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.</text>
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                <text>Richmond (Va.)</text>
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              <text>Cory Schutter</text>
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                <text>This October 15, 1980 compliance review is from University counsel Eva S. Tashjian-Brown for Dewey E. Dodds, Director of the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) Region III. The review is in response to Dodds' September 30, 1980 letter to E. Bruce Heilman, President of the University of Richmond. Tashjian-Brown reminds Dodds and his staff to direct all communications regarding the compliance review to the counsel for the University, to protect the University's right to counsel. Tashjian-Brown refers to University counsel Carter Younger's March 31, 1980 letter to Lee Nell which detailed the Affirmative Action Plan of the T. C. Williams School of Law, the Graduate Student Division, and the Self-Evaluation and Transition Plan of the Graduate and Professional Schools. Tashjian-Brown notes that the University must "respectfully disagree" to Dodds's letter which indicated "commitments beyond those specifically stated in the above documents." The compliance review begins with Recruitment of Minority Students. It is stated that the Law School participated again with the CLEO Program, a pre-law program, and that a second year student was paid by the University to serve as a teaching assistant and recruit candidates for the Law School. University administrators and faculty recruited from several historically black colleges and universities, including Virginia State University, Virginia Union University, Hampton Institute, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical, Atlanta University Center, Howard University Graduate &amp;amp; Professional School Fair, Johnson C. Smith University, among others. The Law School also planned to develop an admissions by performance program in the summer of 1981. The University requests the assistance of OCR to secure additional financial aid. Law School officials also began to establish the Oliver Hill Scholarship program. The review states that all application forms and university publications have a non-discrimination statement. The University also plans to develop assurances of non-discriminatory employers for the job placement service offered by the university. The plan addresses specific accommodations "for the handicapped" including parking spaces, ramps and curb cuttings, new Braille indicators, telephone lowering, and a new wing on the Law School with accessibility features. The University plan also features a centralized system for accommodating "the handicapped". This letter is blind carbon copied to Dr. Bruce Heilman, Dr. William Leftwich, and W. Carter Younger.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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