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              <text>Katie Brennan</text>
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                <text>Article "Title IX Controversy Sparks Mortar Board Forum"</text>
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                <text>Everett, Pat</text>
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                <text>The article described a Mortar Board sponsored forum on Title IX held at the University and indicated that students received few concrete answers due to a pending court decision on whether the University’s athletic programs violated the sex equality law. William Leftwich, Vice President for student affairs and Title IX coordinator, as well as Elaine Yeates, chairman of the Board of Trustees’ Athletic Committee, hesitated to answer questions from female athletes as a result of this pending litigation. Additionally, athletic director Chuck Boone and women’s athletic director Ruth Goehring gave few explicit answers due to an additional pending case between the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women. However, administrators still maintained that progress had been made in the women's athletic department since 1979, citing increased scholarships and athletic success, particularly with the women’s basketball team. Female athletes at the forum pressed administrators on issues of inequalities in athletic budgets, treatment of athletes regarding hotels, transportation, restaurants, and recruiting, as well as the number of available scholarships. Peg Hogan, coach of the women’s swim team and the Aquanettes, suggested that everyday issues such as lack of heating in the Keller Hall locker room and availability of practice times depict inequalities. However, Goering suggested that women were not always worse off than men and in some ways might have been better off: “We have a law that says we must be treated fairly, the men don't.”</text>
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                <text>Everett, Pat. “Title IX Controversy Sparks Mortar Board Forum.” &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 68, no. 13, (December 3, 1981): 7. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19811203.2.21&amp;amp;srpos=31&amp;amp;e=-12-1964--12-1986--en-50--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19811203.2.21&amp;amp;srpos=31&amp;amp;e=-12-1964--12-1986--en-50--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Richmond (Va.) </text>
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              <text>Kirsten Avila</text>
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                <text>This article discusses the Title IX law passed by Congress in 1975, which grants women equal opportunity for scholarship as men. Westhampton College was at least 2 years behind major competitors at meeting the specifications of Title IX by 1978. The assistant athletic director, Carol Reese, argues that there has been progress since the University now provides practice uniforms and shoes to in women's sports, but not a single woman on a varsity team had a scholarship. Additionally, with the integration of Title IX, women’s sports will now be broken down to divisional classifications just like men. Carol Reese claims that Westhampton College is behind other schools due to the lack of funding: “It takes money to build up a competitive program."</text>
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                <text>“Title IX is Slow Moving.” &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 64, no.16 (February 16, 1978): 6. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19780216.2.43&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19780216.2.43&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Alexa Mendieta</text>
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                <text>Lankford, Catherine</text>
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                <text>Richmond(Va).</text>
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                <text>This article considers the University of Richmond's attempts to comply with Title IX requirements through adding a women's soccer team to the University's athletic department. A school is considered compliant with Title IX if they have equal amounts of men and women participating in sports or if there is shown to be a history of women's program expansion. Ruth Goehring, the associate athletic director, said that "We're [UR] probably 60-40 in participation, which is why we added soccer to get us closer to the 50-50 proportionality." One of the areas that the school's needs the most improvement in is the availability of athletic scholarships for women, but the question is where to divert funding from in order to pay for those scholarships.</text>
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                <text>United States. Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX</text>
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                <text>Lankford, Catherine. "Does UR Comply with Title IX?" &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 82, no. 15, (February 01, 1996): 23. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19960201.2.54&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19960201.2.54&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Alexa Mendieta</text>
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                <text>Article "Richmond earns 18th spot in gender equity ranking"</text>
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                <text>Ferrari, Carrie</text>
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                <text>The Collegian, University of Richmond</text>
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                <text>This article discusses a report from the March 18 issue of &lt;em&gt;U.S. News and World Report&lt;/em&gt; that ranks the University of Richmond the 18th out of 20 in a list of colleges and universities "that has made extensive progress in creating equal athletic opportunities for both men and women."</text>
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                <text>Ferrari, Carrie. "Richmond earns 18th spot in gender equity ranking." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 88, no. 2, (March 28, 2002): 24. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL20020328.2.46&amp;amp;srpos=1&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL20020328.2.46&amp;amp;srpos=1&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Elizabeth Mejía-Ricart</text>
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                <text>This article investigates the question of equality in athletics at the University of Richmond. In particular, it explores several cases in which sex discrimination in athletics is evident. The writer states that &amp;ldquo;the women&amp;rsquo;s basketball team is occasionally cheered on by the freshman cheering squad, the Aquanettes [the female synchronized swimming team] hand letter their own publicity posters, and Sports information didn&amp;rsquo;t take routine photos of the lacrosse or field hockey teams last year.&amp;rdquo; She interviews Peg Hogan, the Aquanettes&amp;rsquo; coach, who explains that only one student, Susan Ellis, is on a $2,000 scholarship, and according to the Assistant Athletic Director, Ruth Goehring, after Ellis graduates there will be no more recipients for such aid. This is a situation that greatly concerns Ellis who states that &amp;ldquo;we are going to lose a lot of good Aquanettes.&amp;rdquo; The article emphasizes that UR&amp;rsquo;s synchronized swimming team beat the no. 1 ranked team from Florida in the NICA competition. Similarly, the field hockey and lacrosse coach, Janet Grubbs, stated that the team&amp;rsquo;s budget was &amp;ldquo;adequate, not exceptional.&amp;rdquo; She complained about Sports information, given that they were not doing a good job with publicity in all sports. Moreover, Richmond&amp;rsquo;s Women Volleyball Club had been trying to achieve team status since 1981, according to Greer Raetz, team member. Ruth Goehring commented on the situation by saying that the female volleyball players were not good enough to play other NCAA teams. Lastly, the article mentions that the Women&amp;rsquo;s Athletic Council sent a complaint to the U.S. Department of Education in Washington stating that &amp;ldquo;alumni, faculty, students, and parents of students have shown their concern for the women&amp;rsquo;s athletic program which is suffering as a result of discrimination.&amp;rdquo; This falls under the jurisdiction of Title IX, which prohibits sex discrimination in federally funded institutions. The complaint sparked an investigation by the Department of Education, which was followed by a lawsuit from the university claiming that they did not receive federal funds in athletics. The article explains that the university won the suit but an investigation into discrimination in athletics at UR was never conducted.</text>
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                <text>Athletics</text>
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                <text>Women college students</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36980">
                <text>Ladd, Ann. "Women's Athletics: the equality controversy."&lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; XLIX, no. 21, (March 24, 1983): 3,7. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19830324.2.10&amp;amp;srpos=3&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19830324.2.10&amp;amp;srpos=3&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Richmond (Va.)</text>
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              <text>Elizabeth Mejía-Ricart</text>
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                <text>Article "Subsidizing Discrimination"</text>
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                <text>This article is a critique of the Reagan administration regarding two cases where the author believes the president is allowing discrimination. The first case is regarding Bob Jones University in South Carolina and Goldsboro Christian Schools in North Carolina. Both universities are taking steps so that the Supreme Court eliminates the Internal Revenue Service policy. The latter prohibits tax exemptions for institutions that discriminate. Since according to the article, both institutions discriminate against black people, they are faced with the obligation of paying Social Security and federal employment taxes, which are normally relieved by the tax exemptions. The Reagan Administration has taken the school&amp;rsquo;s side in the issue arguing that &amp;ldquo;the administration does not have the authority to enforce the rule,&amp;rdquo; and that &amp;ldquo;the tax code should not be used to enforce civil-rights laws.&amp;rdquo; The other case touched upon in the article is that of the University of Richmond, in which the Department of Education has reached out to the institution in order to investigate a complaint regarding sex discrimination in athletics. The writer informs that this institution was: &amp;ldquo;pouring millions into sports program for men, but almost nothing into sports programs for women.&amp;rdquo; The university filed a suit against the Education Department in a lower court and according to the author, it has not denied the inequities but argued that &amp;ldquo;because the federal government did not directly fund the athletic department, the law did not apply.&amp;rdquo; In this case, the government did not want to appeal, which caused the head of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission, Clarence Pendleton Jr. to write a dissent arguing that the Justice Department&amp;rsquo;s policy could &amp;ldquo;reduce the civil-rights protections significantly.&amp;rdquo;</text>
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                <text>Athletics</text>
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                <text>United States. Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX</text>
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                <text>Women college students</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>TheRecord6.2.5.25.8B-19821013.jpg</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36960">
                <text>Article "Subsidizing Discrimination" &lt;em&gt;The Record&lt;em&gt; 13 October 1982, RG 6.2.5 Box 25 Folder 8B "U.S. Government - Title IX - HEW (1980-1981)", University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Richmond (Va.)</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="36923">
              <text>Elizabeth Mejía-Ricart</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Letter from William H. Leftwich to E. Bruce Heilman, F. Carlyle Tiller and Lewis T. Booker</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36925">
                <text>Leftwich, William H.</text>
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                <text>This is a confidential letter from the Vice President for Student Affairs, William H. Leftwich, to President Bruce Heilman, Rector F. Carlyle Tiller, and Lewis T. Booker. The writer informs that the university filed a suit in Federal District Court by University counsel against the Department of Education's' Office for Civil Rights (OCR) at 4:00 pm on April 23. Leftwich communicates that the timing was strategically selected given that it was "one day prior to the day we had been asked by the Office of Civil Rights to submit documentation to them." This documentation was concerning a data request by the OCR in order to investigate a sex discrimination complaint against the University in its athletic program. Leftwich says that the university's legal counsel, W. Carter Younger, established that the suit is a matter of public record.</text>
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                <text>UA6.2.5.25.8B-19810424.jpg</text>
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                <text>Letter from E. Bruce Heilman, F. Carlyle Tiller and Lewis T. Booker, 24 April 1981, RG 6.2.5 Box 25 Folder 8B "U.S. Government - Title IX - HEW (1980-1981)", University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.</text>
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                <text>Richmond (Va.)</text>
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          <name>Student Contributor</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="36646">
              <text>Alexa Mendieta</text>
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                <text>Letter from David E. Satterfield III to E. Bruce Heilman</text>
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                <text>This letter is from Congressman David E. Satterfield III to Dr. E. Bruce Heilman criticizing the Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for attempting to regulate Title IX. He says that he hopes to "be able to legislate in this area." He goes on to say that he is not "hopeful for positive action" but is rather striving to amend an appropriate bill. He finishes his letter by attaching an editorial titled, "Block That Kick" from the &lt;em&gt;Wall Street Journal&lt;/em&gt; published on April 12, 1979.</text>
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                <text>Letter from David E. Satterfield, III to E. Bruce Heilman, 16 April 1979, RG 6.2.5 Box 25 Folder 8B "U.S. Government - Title IX - HEW (1980-1981)", University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.</text>
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                <text>This is a letter from William H. Leftwich, the University of Richmond Vice President for Student Affairs, to Professor Sherman E. Grable, Dr. Albert C. Dawson, Ms. Janet L. Rice, and Ms. Carol Reese explaining how the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) has recently provided a new set of Title IX regulations about women's athletics. Because of these new regulations, the University has a need to "update its existing plan to insure consistency with these new regulations." Leftwich, along with Chuck Boone and with the approval of University president E. Bruce Heilman, asks the recipients if they would like to serve on an "ad hoc committee" in order to update the University plan. He adds that this "Committee on Women's Athletics and Title IX" will begin soon and will be complete within several months.</text>
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                <text>Letter from William H. Leftwich to Sherman E. Grable, Albert C. Dawson, Janet L. Rice, and Carol Reese, 23 January 1980, RG 6.2.5 Box 25 Folder 8B "U.S. Government - Title IX - HEW (1980-1981)", University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.</text>
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                <text>This letter is from William H. Leftwich, the University of Richmond Vice President for Student Affairs, and Chuck Boone, about the August 20th, 1980 memo from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) titled, "Commencement of Title IX Intercollegiate Athletics Investigations." It provides a brief overview of the memo, specifically that the Office of Civil Rights will investigate institutions that have one or more Title IX complaints lodged against them. The University of Richmond does not have a complaint against them at this time. The authors then go on to discuss how the University offers seven and a half grants for women and 120 grants for men in the intercollegiate athletic program. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) guidelines indicate a "proportionality requirement." The letter directs attention to a report titled, "Report on Level of Competition for Non-Revenue Sports for the Board of Trustees of the University of Richmond," that examined non-revenue sports and recommends that the University take steps to "carry us closer to compliance."</text>
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                <text>Letter from William H. Leftwich and Chuck Boone to E. Bruce Heilman, 28 August 1980, RG 6.2.5 Box 25 Folder 8B "U.S. Government - Title IX - HEW (1980-1981)", University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.</text>
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