<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://memory.richmond.edu/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=49&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Washington+and+Lee+University&amp;sort_field=added&amp;sort_dir=d&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-07-14T07:18:12+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>3</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="2851" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2676">
        <src>https://memory.richmond.edu/files/original/a6cac9178df8591f5d2b915cbbb52a1d.JPG</src>
        <authentication>9fb266ea8f87f63f095b4857f213f0df</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Contributor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="47043">
              <text>Catherine Franceski</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47044">
                <text>The Web 1961 "Kappa Alpha"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47045">
                <text>The Web, University of Richmond</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47046">
                <text>1961</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47048">
                <text>yearbooks</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47050">
                <text>The text on the 1961 Kappa Alpha spread explains that it was created at Washington and Lee University in 1865, and is the "only national fraternity which bases its principles upon the life of an actual person&amp;mdash;Robert E. Lee." The fraternity "is Southern in the significant sense that its essential teaching is that its members shall cherish the ideal of the Gentleman, of which Robert E. Lee is the perfect expression." Social highlights of the year included the "'Share Cropper's Stomp'" and "Old South Ball."</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47051">
                <text>College fraternity members</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="47052">
                <text>Confederate Army</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="47053">
                <text>Greek letter societies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="47054">
                <text>Lost cause ideology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="47055">
                <text>Racism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="47056">
                <text>Student life</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="47057">
                <text>Washington and Lee University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47058">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47059">
                <text>Web.148-1961.JPG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47060">
                <text>The Web 1961</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47061">
                <text>Virginia Baptist Historical Society, The Web (1961): 148</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="47354">
                <text>Text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="49392">
                <text>Richmond (Va.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="2507" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2331">
        <src>https://memory.richmond.edu/files/original/91e4a38efbf7b634accb60cf64aeacf9.pdf</src>
        <authentication>6817b896620579d4fa32fa25f98d670b</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Contributor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="40960">
              <text>Tegan Helms</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40961">
                <text>Article "College Integration Small, But Accepted"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40962">
                <text>Hilldrup, Robert P.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40963">
                <text>The Richmond News Leader</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40964">
                <text>undated</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40965">
                <text>Text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40966">
                <text>newspapers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40968">
                <text>This article from the &lt;em&gt;Richmond News Leader&lt;/em&gt; focuses on the development of racial integration in Virginia colleges, and its acceptance in campus life. Although integration is occurring, the percentage of black students on formerly all-white campuses is still small, and the same for white students at predominantly black colleges. &lt;em&gt;The Richmond News Leader&lt;/em&gt; conducted a survey of integration at public and private Virginia colleges, acquiring a range of results. According to the data, institutions without black students have commented that they've neither received black applications or the applications from black students have failed to meet qualifications. It is impossible to perfectly document how much integration has occurred at these institutions, mainly because most of their records are nonracial. Hilldrup addresses that the increase of black students at formerly white institutions has begun to put pressure on black institutions to admit qualified white students. This pressure will increase the racial integration of qualified students at institutions of all types.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40969">
                <text>College of William and Mary</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40970">
                <text>College integration</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40971">
                <text>College students, Black</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40972">
                <text>College students, White</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40973">
                <text>Virginia Union University (Richmond, Va.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="40974">
                <text>Washington and Lee University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40975">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40976">
                <text>NL6.2.5.25.1-undated.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="40977">
                <text>Hilldrup, Robert P. "College Integration Small, But Accepted." &lt;em&gt;The Richmond News Leader&lt;/em&gt; (undated). RG 6.2.5 Box 25 Folder 1 "US Government: "Civil Rights" HEW 1968 and 1969," University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="49172">
                <text>Richmond (Va.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1943" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1773">
        <src>https://memory.richmond.edu/files/original/f9cf04dbb5a3c0f58213f53bc41da135.pdf</src>
        <authentication>bab6816a43e6cfb88b844e4cfe4c7fba</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Contributor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="30933">
              <text>Karissa Lim</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30934">
                <text>Letter from Homer A. Holt to David F. Cavers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30935">
                <text>Holt, Homer A.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30936">
                <text>1955-09-08</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30937">
                <text>Text</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30938">
                <text>correspondence</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30939">
                <text>Richmond (Va.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30940">
                <text>This document is a letter from Homer A. Holt to David F. Cavers, the Associate Dean and Professor of Law of Harvard Law School and Chairman of Special Committee for the Association of American Law Schools, that was sent on September 8, 1955. Holt wrote to Cavers about an "incompleted memorandum which [Holt] had used in the conference [for the Association of American Law Schools]." The memorandum, which was included in this letter, stated that Washington and Lee University was a private institution and its admissions policy had been "‘The University exercises the right to make a choice among the candidates applying for entrance according to its evaluation of an individual’s promise of success at this particular institution, and is without obligation to give specific reasons for its failure to approve an application.’" The conference was about "the narrow matter" of admission to black students, but Holt wrote about the "broader principle of the responsibility of the Washington and Lee authorities for establishing policies of admission and their unwillingness to surrender or delegate that responsibility to any other organization." If the Association’s anti-discrimination admissions policy was made mandatory, Holt wrote that Washington and Lee would withdraw from the Association because they "could not maintain such membership at the cost of surrendering [their] liberty and independence." In the memorandum, Holt wrote that, to his knowledge, a black person had never applied to Washington and Lee’s law school, but "if a bona fide application for admission were made by a member of the Negro race possessing the required qualifications…my disposition would be to fully, carefully, and fairly consider the application." Holt also stated that he was not biased or prejudiced and used his past experience helping black people be admitted to graduate schools and approving the first black applicant to the West Virginia Bar Association as evidence. Holt also stated that the Association would be acting tyrannically if they made this policy mandatory. This memorandum was sent to George M. Modlin, President of the University of Richmond, by a named sender whose signature is unreadable; the sender believed that Modlin would be "greatly interested and impressed" by the memorandum.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30941">
                <text>Association of American Law Schools</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30942">
                <text>College integration</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30943">
                <text>Discrimination</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30944">
                <text>Education, Higher</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30945">
                <text>Law schools</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30946">
                <text>Race relations</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30947">
                <text>Racism</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30948">
                <text>Segregation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="30949">
                <text>Washington and Lee University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30950">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30951">
                <text>UA6.2.4.22.16-19550908.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30952">
                <text>Letter from Homer A. Holt to David F. Cavers, 8 September 1955, RG 6.2.4 box 22 folder 16, University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
