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                <text>Schoen, Walter. "Where We Stand." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 94, no. 23 (April 17, 2008): 13. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL20080417.2.7.1&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL20080417.2.7.1&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This 2005 article introduces Students for Academic Freedom, a nationwide coalition of student groups claiming that colleges have a liberal political bias, and further fighting for an Academic Bill of Rights to protect students and professors from being discriminated against based on political belief. Students at Boston University, which did not have a chapter of SAF, were asked about their opinions on the matter. Peter True, president of the BU Democrats, argued that opinions are what make professors “more than textbooks” and eliminating political opinion would limit discussion. Justin Galecki, president of the Boston College Democrats, claimed that it is unfair to assume professors are influenced by political affiliation when grading. The president of the BU College Republicans, however, argued that while conservative views were not represented enough in the university setting, he and the BU Republicans did not support limiting professors’ political affiliations.</text>
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                <text>Traynin, Ana. "Congress Addresses Issue of Liberal Bias in Classroom." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 92, no. 6 (October 6, 2005): 6. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL20051006.2.22&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL20051006.2.22&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Five students respond to the question “Would a disabled student have a hard time at the University?” Each student responds with an affirmation of the difficulties a disabled individual would face on campus, such as a lack of elevators, disregard for handicapped parking spaces, and steep inclines.</text>
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                <text>In 1991, the University of Richmond began an “experiment” to observe whether replacing “the required Western Civilization course with a more multicultural course” (titled “Interdisciplinary Core Course: Exploring Human Experience”) would create a better learning experience. This “more multicultural course” was taught by professors from the History, English, Anthropology, and Music departments including history professor David Evans, English professors Louis Tremaine and Terryl Givens, and classics professor Dean Simpson. “About a third of the readings” were from Japan and China, and African and Middle Eastern texts would be incorporated in the following years. The course received a $120,000 grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, and a trip for the professors to visit China was funded by a Andrew W. Mellon Foundation grant. The introduction of the course met some backlash for being “politically correct and trying to destroy Western Civilization,” but Evans defended it by claiming “We have dead white men on the syllabus.”</text>
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                <text>Holmes, Parker. "Experiment Underway: Freshman Course Could Replace Western Civilization with Focus on Multicultural Studies.” &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 78, no. 1, (September 5, 1991): 3, 6. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19910905.2.19&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19910905.2.19&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This 1991 article by &lt;em&gt;Collegian&lt;/em&gt; editor Kevin Kendall recounts the experiences of four LGB students (whose names were changed in the article “due to the sensitive nature of this story”) at the University of Richmond coming out to their parents. It was published the day after the Lambda Coalition for LGB students was approved as an official campus organization. Two of the featured students were lesbian women (“Jennifer” and “Catherine”), one was a bisexual man (“Robert”), and one was a gay man (“Michael”). Kendall establishes that the process of coming out is difficult, but doing so to parents is especially hard because, as “Jennifer” claimed, “No parent pictures their child growing up like this.” The article closes with a discussion of religious disapproval of LGB people and a quote from Assistant Dean of Richmond College and faculty advisor of the Lambda Coalition, David Braverman, who states that people who object to “the issue of homosexuality” should remember “mercy and forgiveness.”</text>
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                <text>Kendall, Kevin. "Coming Out to Family Carries Fear of Rejection.” &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 77, no. 18, (February 21, 1991): 2, 11. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19910221.2.7&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19910221.2.7&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Collegian, University of Richmond</text>
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                <text>The Fall 1991 issue of the &lt;em&gt;Messenger&lt;/em&gt; prompted University officials to withdraw the magazine from the admissions office and no longer send it to alumni. A memo from Gerald Quigg, vice president of University relations, claimed that crude language used in the magazine "showed a lack of class" and it did not seem educated. The memo was sent to Leonard Goldberg, vice president for student affairs, and Steven Barza, the &lt;em&gt;Messenger's&lt;/em&gt; faculty advisor. Editor Jeff Fowler, who was not sent the memo, responded by saying that though the words may offend some, it's no reason to stop circulation of the magazine. Sunni McMillan, whose two poems in the issue contained alleged "four-letter words," claimed there was no "literary reason" given for why the works had been singled out and that she hadn't meant to offend anyone with her work. Faculty advisor Steven Barza claims that the magazine's editors are independent and that the purpose of a literary magazine is to "evoke some response," but doesn't believe there is a threat of censorship.</text>
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                <text>Werner, Karen. "Administrators respond to 'Messenger' content." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 77, no. 15 (January 31, 1991): 1, 10. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19910131.2.5&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19910131.2.5&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Gabby Kiser</text>
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                <text>Editorial "Death At Age 99"</text>
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                <text>This editorial piece criticizes the decision by the new editors of the &lt;em&gt;Messenger&lt;/em&gt; for the magazine's 1978 issue to be satirical rather than literary. The writer claims that the choice could not be due to lack of interest by students, as readership had not been declining and there were other, more traditional applicants for editor. Still, the writer argues that, even if the campus was indeed going through a "period of literary apathy," these phases never last and should not be acted upon. The writer finally hopes that the University learns from its mistake and that students will be even more excited for the literary magazine if it returns.</text>
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                <text>"Death At Age 99." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 65, no. 9 (November 10, 1977): 4. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19771110.2.15&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19771110.2.15&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Gabby Kiser</text>
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                <text>Article "Literary Magazine Changes Style; Editors Plan Satirical Approach"</text>
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                <text>McGee, Anne</text>
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                <text>The Collegian, University of Richmond</text>
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                <text>For the 1978 issue of the &lt;em&gt;Messenger&lt;/em&gt;, new editors Rick Stine and Mark Hebdon changed the publication from a literary magazine to a satirical magazine called the &lt;em&gt;Messenger Lampoon&lt;/em&gt;. This choice was made, according to vice president of student affairs and member of the University Board of Publications William H. Leftwich, because interest in the literary magazine had been dwindling. However, the new format was only approved for the single issue. In response to the&lt;em&gt; Lampoon&lt;/em&gt;, the &lt;em&gt;Leviathan&lt;/em&gt;, another magazine on campus, opened to poetry and short story submissions. Melissa McWethy, who lost in the vote for editorship, argued against the choice, claiming that it was "a shame that a liberal arts college will not have a literary magazine" in 1978.</text>
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                <text>McGee, Anne. "Literary Magazine Changes Style; Editors Plan Satirical Approach." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 65, no. 7 (October 27, 1977): 7. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19771027.2.30&amp;amp;srpos=24&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--21--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19771027.2.30&amp;amp;srpos=24&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--21--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This 1973 opinion piece argues for amnesty in the case of men who dodged the draft during the Vietnam War. The writer calls the Vietnam War “an unjust war, a war which was lied about, which was fought with no intention of winning and which was in every way a politician’s war…” and elaborates that, as well as forgive those who refused to take part, Americans should also be proud and thank returning veterans, paying particular note to those who were in North Vietnamese POW camps. The writer claims that the suggestion of the American Legion, to consider each case “on its own merits,” is the correct choice when dealing with those who “ran to escape induction” and “hurt no one.” The article ends by claiming the choice is in Richard Nixon’s hand, and it’s his job to admit he was wrong in carrying out the war.</text>
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                <text>"The Question of Amnesty." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; LX, no. 21(March 1, 1973): 2. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19730301.2.7&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19730301.2.7&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>In early 1971, student activism against the Vietnam War was beginning to slow down not only at Richmond, but at many universities around the country as well. Richmond College senior and student activist Jim Winders claimed this was because the Vietnam War “ceased to be a powerful issue,” as well as because the student activists realized after the Kent State Shootings that change would be slow. Richmond College senior Marshall Cook also claimed students were “waiting for the new President.” Another Richmond College student, sophomore Elwood Elliot, argued that students were apathetic that year, but demonstrations in Richmond could occur “if something would happen such as Cambodia last year.”</text>
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                <text>Hockman, Jeb. "Recent Student Activism Cools As Puzzling Quiet Takes Hold." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; LVIII, no. 16, (February 5, 1971): 2. &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19710205.2.9&amp;amp;e=--1914---1971--en-20--1--txt-txIN-------" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19710205.2.9&amp;amp;e=--1914---1971--en-20--1--txt-txIN-------&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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