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              <text>Karissa Lim</text>
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                <text>Letter from James V. Larkin to George M. Modlin</text>
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                <text>Modlin, George Matthews, 1903-1998</text>
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                <text>This document is a letter from James V. Larkin, Director of Bands at the University of Richmond, to George M. Modlin, the Chancellor and former President of the University of Richmond. Larkin wrote to Modlin because Modlin and his wife had given money to the University Band to travel abroad, but Larkin, along with several student officers, decided to cancel the trip. Larkin felt that it was not in the Band’s and university’s best interest to "undertake something of this magnitude without complete representation and confidence." In regards to the Band’s future, three questions kept coming up: "use of drum majorettes, carrying in the Confederate flag, and the playing of ‘Dixie.’" Though Larkin and Modlin agree on these issues, there was student pressure to address these matters, which had the potential to create controversy or lower student support, so Larkin considered consulting President Heilman.</text>
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                <text>Letter from James V. Larkin to George M. Modlin, 20 July 1971, RG 6.2.4 Box 5 Folder 2, University Archives, Virginia Baptist Historical Society.</text>
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                <text>This&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Collegian&lt;/em&gt; article gives a brief history of the University of Richmond spider mascot. It outlines the three competing origin stories for the "unusual mascot that Richmond students have defended since 1894." Originally, the Richmond team had been called the Colts, but a professional baseball team with the same name came to Richmond in the early 1890s. The three theories for the new name include 1) A comparison to the Cleveland Spiders at a 1893 baseball game, 2) a comparison to spiders for not allowing a fly ball" to get by at a game against William &amp;amp; Mary, and 3) a sports writer yelling "You guys look like a bunch of spiders trying to play ball, published in the 1897 yearbook. The history goes on to include information about a challenge to the mascot in the July 1941 &lt;em&gt;Alumni Bulletin&lt;/em&gt;, where 1913 alumus W.F. "Tip" Saunders called for renaming the team either the "Confederates" or the "Rebels" to tie the university to Richmond City's history as the former capital of the Confederacy. The spider won by "an overwhelming majority." This history also states that "initially, the spider dressed in a Confederate general's uniform," though in reality the mascot did not wear this uniform until the late 1940s. After the Confederate spider, there was a "'live' spider mascot which resembled the comic book hero 'Spiderman." In the 1980s, te costume became more ferocious. As of the 1997 writing, there were three forms of the spider: One, a "sleek, insect-like spider" found on license plates, second a "grinning spider" us for University publications, and finally a "fuzzy, friendly spider that walks around encouraging school spirity." The history concludes by noting that University officials describe the spider as representing "success, good judgement, and a painstaking perseverance." The writer cites the Virginia Baptist Historical Society for most of the historical information.</text>
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                <text>Luster, Julie Autumn</text>
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                <text>Luster, Julie Autumn. "Spider man: The University's mascot has a long, varied history."&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;84, no. 7 (October 9, 1997): 13.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19971009.2.34&amp;amp;srpos=5&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19971009.2.34&amp;amp;srpos=5&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Collegian, University of Richmond</text>
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              <text>Maryam Tahseen</text>
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                <text>These letters in the &lt;em&gt;Collegian&lt;/em&gt; are a response to a prior article by Mr. Williams who stated in his letter that he "was moved" to submit the resolution restricting the singing of "Dixie" by the university band. Mr. Massie said that such a claim was an attack on the First Amendment and Mr. Williams, along with other members of the Senate, must publicly rescind the "illegal" resolution. Furthermore, Mr.Larkin believed that the playing of the Dixie or the display of the Confederate Flag were not signs of racism and any furor over these issues was just the "minority attempting to force its will on the majority." He further went on to say that the Dixie is a happy and catchy tune while the Confederate flag is a part of American history and "should not be forgotten." According to him, a banning of the Dixie was a sign of bigotry and an attack on "Freedom of Expression of a cultural heritage."</text>
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                <text>Massie, Edmond G., IV and James V. Larkin, "Bigotry From A Minority."  &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; LXI, no. 9, (November 12, 1971): 2. &lt;a href="http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19711112.2.15&amp;amp;srpos=26&amp;amp;e=--1914---1971--en-20--21--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19711112.2.15&amp;amp;srpos=26&amp;amp;e=--1914---1971--en-20--21--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Irina Rogova</text>
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                <text>This article describes the debut of a new University of Richmond mascot, which had been absent from sporting event for 20 years according to the article. (&lt;a href="http://memory.richmond.edu/items/show/2894" target="_blank"&gt;In 1948, students in Lambda Chi Alpha constructed a mascot with help from outside manufacturers and the creator of the Confederate spider mascot, School Shop manager Buddy Mayo&lt;/a&gt;.) John Millard, a senior at Richmond College, commissioned and wore the costume. He used a picture of the "UR Spider man" and a Confederate uniform for the design, which he brought to six tailors before a friend made the costume. The saber came from the ROTC Department. Millard stated that the costume had received positive attention at a pep rally and the first football game, adn he hoped students would "take up his cause." The article includes a photograph of Millard in the mascot costume along with cheerleaders Bonnie Bowman, Carol Henry, and Carty Richards.</text>
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                <text>Myer, Lynn. "Spiderman Returns: Mascot Boosts Spirit."&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;LV, no. 2 (September 22, 1967): 6.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19670922.2.34&amp;amp;srpos=4&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19670922.2.34&amp;amp;srpos=4&amp;amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This editorial, written by student Scott Shepard, explains the history and lore behind the traditionally Southern and corn-based dish referred to as &amp;ldquo;grits&amp;rdquo;. After describing the dish&amp;rsquo;s contents, he goes on to illustrate how grits originated in the winter of 1863 from the concern of Mrs. Varina Davis. Mrs. Davis informed her husband Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederacy, of the soldier&amp;rsquo;s desperation for a different way to prepare corn other than corn on the cob. Sporting a clear affection for the Confederate soldiers, and calling the Civil War the &amp;ldquo;fight for self-determination,&amp;rdquo; Shepard makes clear and deliberate use of Lost Cause ideology and terminology in an attempt to separate &amp;ldquo;Yankee&amp;rdquo; from &amp;ldquo;Southron&amp;rdquo; culture.</text>
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                <text>Shepard, Scott. "And just how were grits invented anyway?" &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; 78, no. 18, (February 20, 1992): 5. .</text>
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                <text>The article addresses how many black students at the University of Richmond think that the playing of &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixie_(song)" target="_blank"&gt;"Dixie"&lt;/a&gt; could harm black student recruitment. Students said that they would not have attended Richmond if they heard the song before committing to Richmond. Richmond College Registrar said that the issue was not that important and would have no effect on recruiting students. The Registrar said that most black students would not find out about the song. Three black students said hearing the song during recruitment would make them change their mind about Richmond and agreed that black enrollment will decrease because of it. One student said the song should be abolished because it represents the Old South and a racist attitude. Another student said it brings back memories of the Old South, including slavery and bondage. The student said the song is played so often it represents a theme song for the university. A third student said he thought the school was more liberal than it actually is. All of the black students interviewed said hearing the song would make black recruits uncomfortable. There is also going to be a $400 tuition increase, but the Registrar did not believe that will have a significant effect on recruiting because there will be a proportionate increase in financial aid.</text>
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                <text>Lost cause ideology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35732">
                <text>Short, Dave. "Dixie Issue Will Be Harmful." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; LIX, no.12, (December 16, 1971): 3 &lt;a href="https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19711216.2.17&amp;amp;srpos=30&amp;amp;e=--1964---1986--en-20--21--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;https://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19711216.2.17&amp;amp;srpos=30&amp;amp;e=--1964---1986--en-20--21--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Maryam Tahseen</text>
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                <text>This &lt;em&gt;Collegian&lt;/em&gt; article discusses the recent Richmond College demonstration against the Senate's Dixie Resolution which petitioned to restrict the playing of the song Dixie by the university band. According to two freshmen, Ralph Munroe and Thomas Hurst, the demonstration was organized because the Senate's resolution was not reflective of the opinion of the whole student body. The students who were part of the referendum believed that the song Dixie was part of the American cultural heritage and any restrictions on the song should be overturned. Steve Knock, Richmond College Student Government Association (RCSGA) president, stated that the purpose behind the Dixie Resolution was to build a better image of the university. The petition by the students opposing the resolution  met the requirement of five percent signatures from the student body.</text>
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                <text>Dixie</text>
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                <text>Wornom, Cynthia. "300 RC Students Endorse A Dixie Referendum Petition."  &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; LXI, no. 9, (November 12, 1971): 1. &lt;a href="http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19711112.2.15&amp;amp;srpos=26&amp;amp;e=--1914---1971--en-20--21--txt-txIN-" target="_blank"&gt;http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19711112.2.15&amp;amp;srpos=26&amp;amp;e=--1914---1971--en-20--21--txt-txIN-&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="51332">
              <text>Sharon Lim</text>
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              <text>Cory Schutter</text>
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                <text>This article was written about English professor Dr. Grace Landrum&amp;rsquo;s reading of &amp;ldquo;Marse Chan,&amp;rdquo; one of the most famous works of Thomas Nelson Page. &amp;ldquo;Marse Chan&amp;rdquo; nostalgically represented the &amp;ldquo;Old South,&amp;rdquo; and in this article, Dr. Landrum is praised for her &amp;ldquo;interpretation of negro dialect.&amp;rdquo; Thomas Nelson Page, an author in the late 1800s and early 1900s, wrote primarily of the "Old South" which featured a South where enslaved people were happy and satisfied with their situations because of their simplicity and lack of awareness and understanding.</text>
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                <text>"Dr. Landrum Entertains Reading Club." &lt;em&gt;The Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; IX, no. 11, (November 28, 1922): 2. &lt;a href="http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19221128.2.18&amp;amp;srpos=4&amp;amp;e=01-01-1922-31-12-1922--en-50--1--txt-txIN" target="_blank"&gt;http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19221128.2.18&amp;amp;srpos=4&amp;amp;e=01-01-1922-31-12-1922--en-50--1--txt-txIN&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Dialect writing</text>
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                <text>Lost cause ideology</text>
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                <text>Racism</text>
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              <text>Aggy Barnowski</text>
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                <text>These pages are from the 1953 University of Richmond yearbook, &lt;em&gt;The Web&lt;/em&gt;. It contains information about the fraternity Lambda Chi Alpha. The page discusses the achievements of the Alpha Chi Chapter, which is the chapter name at the University of Richmond. The men in the fraternity placed third in "Greek Week," placed first in the PDK Carnival, and placed second in the track meet. The page also discusses the social season with numerous parties that were attended by the Lambda Chis as well as their athletic achievements, specifically in football. All the members pictured are white men. The picture on the bottom right features students on blackface. Blackface performances were a form of entertainment based on racist stereotypes with imitations of black music and jokes about black dialect. In the lower left corner of the yearbook page, the Richmond mascot, a spider in a Confederate uniform, is illustrated.</text>
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                <text>Virginia Baptist Historical Society, The Web (1953): 176.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>The Web, University of Richmond</text>
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                <text>The Web 1953</text>
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              <text>Emeline Blevins</text>
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              <text>Cory Schutter</text>
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                <text>This article recounts controversy surrounding the playing of the song "Dixie" during school events. Richmond College student government, led by Steve Nock, moved to "restrain" the use of the song "Dixie" during school events, and the issue of the appropriateness of Dixie consumed the first several pages of the &lt;em&gt;Collegian&lt;/em&gt;. Some students argued the song was not offensive, saying some students "shouldn't be so small as to be offended by a bunch of words." Stanley Davis, a black student at the University, argued that Dixie was offensive and a symbol of the Old South and repression. Davis said it would be difficult for Richmond to encourage black students to attend while playing a song that created a certain kind of "attitude" and "image" about the University. Senior Terry Anderson felt the song kept Richmond from having a progressive image, and another student felt that if a song is offensive to even a small minority, it is "common courtesy" to cease playing it.</text>
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                <text>"Dixie Loses Again: Dixie Debated." &lt;em&gt;The University of Richmond Collegian&lt;/em&gt; LIX, no. 7, (October 29, 1971): 1,3. &lt;a href="http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19711029.2.9&amp;amp;e=------197-en-20--1---txIN-------##" target="_blank"&gt;http://collegian.richmond.edu/cgi-bin/richmond?a=d&amp;amp;d=COL19711029.2.9&amp;amp;e=------197-en-20--1---txIN-------#&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Marching bands</text>
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                <text>Race relations</text>
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